Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Articles

Resistance to Fluoroquinolone by a Combination of Efflux and Target Site Mutations in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolated in Korea: Jun-Young Kim, Se-Mi Jeon, Hyungjun Kim, Nara Lim, Mi-Sun Park, Seong-Han Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2012;3(4):239-244. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.11.002

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Objectives
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) was recently reported as a major diarrheagenic pathogen in infant and adult travelers, both in developing and developed countries. EAEC strains are known to be highly resistant to antibiotics including quinolones. Therefore in this study we have determined the various mechanisms of quinolone resistance in EAEC strains isolated in Korea.
Methods
For 26 EAEC strains highly resistant to fluoroquinolone, minimal inhibitory concentrations for fluoroquinolones were determined, mutations in the quinolone target genes were identified by PCR and sequencing, the presence of transferable quinolone resistance mechanism were identified by PCR, and the contribution of the efflux pump was determined by synergy tests using a proton pump inhibitor. The expression levels of efflux pump-related genes were identified by relative quantification using real-time PCR.
Results
Apart from two, all tested isolates had common mutations on GyrA (Ser83Leu and Ser87Gly) and ParC (Ser80Gln). Isolates EACR24 and EACR39 had mutations that have not been reported previously: Ala81Pro in ParC and Arg157Gly in GyrA, respectively. Increased susceptibility of all the tested isolates to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in the presence of the pump inhibitor implies that efflux pumps contributed to the resistance against fluoroquinolones. Expression of the efflux pump-related genes, tolC, mdfA, and ydhE, were induced in isolates EACR 07, EACR 29, and EACR 33 in the presence of ciprofloxacin.
Conclusion
These results indicate that quinolone resistance of EAEC strains mainly results from the combination of mutations in the target enzyme and an increased expression of efflux pump-related genes. The mutations Ala81Pro in ParC and Arg157Gly in GyrA have not been reported previously the exact influence of these mutations should be investigated further.

Citations

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Detection of gyrA and parC Mutations and Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Sawsan Mohammed Kareem, Israa MS Al-kadmy, Saba S Kazaal, Alaa N Mohammed Ali, Sarah Naji Aziz, Rabab R Makharita, Abdelazeem M Algammal, Salim Al-Rejaie, Tapan Behl, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Mohamed A El-Mokhtar, Helal F Hetta
Infection and Drug Resistance.2021; Volume 14: 555. CrossRef
Fluoroquinolone-Transition Metal Complexes: A Strategy to Overcome Bacterial Resistance
Mariana Ferreira, Paula Gameiro
Microorganisms.2021; 9(7): 1506. CrossRef
Frequency of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutations and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in Azerbaijan, Iran
Robab Azargun, Mohammad Hossein Soroush Barhaghi, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Mahin Ahangar Oskouee, Vahid Sadeghi, Mohammad Yousef Memar, Reza Ghotaslou
Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance.2019; 17: 39. CrossRef
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Kassandra L. Grimes, Laura J. Dunphy, Erica M. Loudermilk, A. Jasmin Melara, Glynis L. Kolling, Jason A. Papin, Lisa M. Colosi
Chemosphere.2019; 237: 124421. CrossRef
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Critical Reviews in Microbiology.2018; 44(3): 371. CrossRef
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Shivangi Sachdeva, Raghuvamsi V. Palur, Karpagam U. Sudhakar, Thenmalarchelvi Rathinavelan
Frontiers in Microbiology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Different Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Pathotypes Responsible for Complicated, Noncomplicated, and Traveler's Diarrhea Cases
Silvia Herrera-León, María Teresa Llorente, Sergio Sánchez
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2016; 60(3): 1950. CrossRef
Determinants of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli causing community-acquired urinary tract infection in Bejaia, Algeria
Yanat Betitra, Vinuesa Teresa, Viñas Miguel, Touati Abdelaziz
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2014; 7(6): 462. CrossRef

Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Method for the Rapid Detection of gyrA and parC Mutations in Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli and Shigella spp.: Junyoung Kim, Semi Jeon, Hyungjun Kim, Misun Park, Soobok Kim, Seonghan Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2012;3(2):113-117. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.04.004

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Abstract PDF

Two real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to detect mutations in codons 83 and 87 in gyrA and in codons 80 and 91 in parC, the main sites that causes quinolone resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. isolates. These assays can be employed as a useful method for controlling infections caused by quinolone-resistant E coli and Shigella isolates.

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Various Techniques for Molecular and Rapid Detection of Infectious and Epidemic Diseases
Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun
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Molecular detection and Frequency of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli by Multiplex Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MAS-PCR)
Noha Tharwat Abou El-Khier, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki
Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences.2020; 7(1): 1. CrossRef
Identification of new DNA gyrase inhibitors based on bioactive compounds from streptomyces: structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations approaches
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Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics.2020; 38(3): 791. CrossRef
Soft sweep development of resistance in Escherichia coli under fluoroquinolone stress
Xianxing Xie, Ruichen Lv, Chao Yang, Yajun Song, Yanfeng Yan, Yujun Cui, Ruifu Yang
Journal of Microbiology.2019; 57(12): 1056. CrossRef
Rapid Detection of Genomic Mutations in gyrA and parC Genes of Escherichia coli by Multiplex Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction
Sukanlayanee Onseedaeng, Panan Ratthawongjirakul
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis.2016; 30(6): 947. CrossRef
New concepts in diagnostics for infectious diarrhea
J A Platts-Mills, J Liu, E R Houpt
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A Contribution of MdfA to Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Shigella flexneri: Jun-Young Kim, Se-Mi Jeon, Hyungjun Kim, Mi-Sun Park, Seong-Han Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(3):216-217. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.049

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Abstract PDF

In this study, we measured the drug resistance conferred by mdfA mutations in two Shigella flexneri strains. A mutant in mdfA genes was constructed by polymerase chain reaction–based, one-step inactivation of chromosomal genes. The antimicrobial susceptibility of parent and mutant strains to fluoroquinolones was determined by minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs). The △mdfA mutants were somewhat more susceptible to fluoroquinolones than the parent strains. The low level changes in MICs of the △mdfA mutants suggest that mdfA contributed the fluoroquinolone resistance in S flexneri. This finding found that the increased expression level of an MdfA efflux pump mediated fluoroquinolone resistance, but it is not likely a major effecter of higher resistance levels.

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